Het kabinet wil werkgevers bevrijden van een aantal zware lasten die zij ervaren bij de re-integratie en loondoorbetaling van hun zieke werknemers. Zo kunnen bedrijven die zich privaat hebben verzekerd tegen de risico’s van arbeidsongeschiktheid straks geen zogeheten ‘loonsanctie’ meer opgelegd krijgen.
Minister Lodewijk Asscher van Sociale Zaken werkt aan een wetsvoorstel waarin dat wordt geregeld. De Tweede Kamer debatteerde donderdag over onder meer de dure plicht van werkgevers om hun zieke personeel twee jaar lang door te betalen en tegelijkertijd weer terug te begeleiden naar de werkvloer. Deze maatregel maakt name het midden- en kleinbedrijf huiverig nog personeel in vaste dienst te nemen.
Ziekteverzuim ‘fors’ gedaald
In een brief van eind vorig jaar aan de Tweede Kamer zegt Asscher dat invoering van de loondoorbetalingplicht ertoe heeft geleid dat de instroom in arbeidsongeschiktheidsregelingen zoals de WIA ‘enorm’ is gedaald. Die bedroeg de afgelopen jaren slechts een derde van de instroom van de jaren rond de eeuwwisseling. Het ziekteverzuim is eveneens ‘fors’ teruggelopen.
Dat neemt niet weg dat Asscher beseft dat de lasten ‘zwaar op de schouders’ van werkgevers drukken en dat dit het draagvlak voor de sociale zekerheid ondergraaft. Daarom wil hij het bedrijfsleven tegemoetkomen door te kijken naar de loonsanctie. Uitkeringsinstantie UWV kan deze straf opleggen als ze van mening is dat een werkgever gedurende de twee ziektejaren te weinig heeft gedaan om de werknemer weer (gedeeltelijk) aan het werk te krijgen.
Hogere premies
Het bedrijf krijgt dan geen toestemming om de werknemer te laten instromen in de WIA, maar moet hem maximaal nog een derde jaar doorbetalen. Circa 15% van de werkgevers heeft wel eens een loonsanctie gekregen, zo blijkt uit onderzoek van Sociale Zaken.
Asscher wil dat werkgevers die zich bij een private verzekeraar hebben verzekerd tegen arbeidsongeschiktheid, geen loonsanctie meer opgelegd krijgen. Volgens de PvdA-bewindsman zijn er voor deze categorie bedrijven al voldoende financiële prikkels ingebouwd. Hun verzekeraar legt immers al hogere premies op als personeel vaak en lang ziek is.
Ook de verzekeraar zelf lijdt dan een hogere schadelast, wat hem stimuleert de werkgevers te ondersteunen met re-integratietrajecten. Desgevraagd zegt VVD-Kamerlid Anoushka Schut-Welkzijn blij te zijn met Asschers verzachting van het beleid, waarop zij al langer heeft aangedrongen.
Frustrerend
Het UWV blijft wél toetsen of werkgevers die publiek (bij het UWV zelf, red.) zijn verzekerd, zich voldoende hebben ingespannen voor de re-integratie van hun zieke werknemers. Zij worden ook niet bevrijd van de dreiging van een loonsanctie, omdat zij volgens Asscher gedurende de arbeidsongeschiktheid van zieke werknemers minder financiële prikkels hebben.
Wel kunnen publiek verzekerde werkgevers straks na het eerste ziektejaar het UWV betaald advies vragen over het vervolg van het re-integratietraject. Als zij zich hieraan houden, dan worden ook zij voortaan ontlast van de loonsanctie. Dit moet de onduidelijkheid wegnemen die bedrijven nu nog zeggen te hebben over de werkwijze van het UWV.
Asscher wil daarnaast komen met een wetswijziging, waardoor werknemers van wie al vroeg duidelijk is dat zij nooit meer kunnen werken, sneller in de WIA belanden. Nu moeten werkgevers ook hen gedurende twee jaar re-integreren en doorbetalen om de loonsanctie te ontlopen. Dat is frustrerend voor het bedrijf vanwege de kosten voor een duur en bij voorbaat zinloos traject, maar ook voor de zieke werknemer zelf.
Vrijwillig
Volgens Asscher is slechts 1% van de arbeidsongeschikten zo ziek dat al binnen de loondoorbetalingperiode van twee jaar helder is dat zij nooit meer kunnen functioneren op de werkvloer. Dat zijn circa twintig werknemers per jaar. De meeste van hen vragen vrijwillig eerder een WIA-uitkering aan, maar de werkgever heeft geen poot om op te staan als dit niet gebeurt.
Het kabinet wil dit aanpassen, maar dat stuit nog op kritiek. De WIA is namelijk een werknemersverzekering en hierbij zou een té verregaande regie van de werkgevers op de vervroegde WIA-aanvraag niet passen. Naar een oplossing wordt nog gezocht.
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